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1. Basic characteristics of rigid couplings
As the name implies, the design principle of rigid couplings is to provide a rigid connection to ensure that the two shafts can maintain a high degree of coaxiality and minimize angular deviation when transmitting torque. This type of coupling is usually made of metal materials, such as steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and has the characteristics of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high transmission efficiency and convenient maintenance. They are suitable for occasions with high speed, large torque and strict centering accuracy. They can effectively reduce the vibration and noise caused by shaft misalignment and ensure the stable operation of the system.
2. Application of rigid couplings in precision machine tool transmission systems
In the field of precision machine tools, the accuracy and stability of the transmission system are the key to ensuring processing quality. The connection between key components such as the spindle and feed shaft of the machine tool needs to be able to withstand the requirements of high-speed rotation and high-precision positioning while maintaining extremely low vibration and error. Therefore, rigid couplings have become the first choice in this field.
High-precision alignment: The transmission system of precision machine tools requires extremely high centering accuracy, and any slight deviation may lead to the accumulation of processing errors. Rigid couplings can effectively resist inter-axis deviations through their rigid structural design, ensure accurate transmission of the transmission chain, and improve processing accuracy.
Simple structure and low cost: Compared with flexible couplings, rigid couplings have simpler structures and no complex damping or compensation mechanisms, so they have lower manufacturing costs and are easier to install and maintain. This is an important consideration for machine tool manufacturers who need to control costs while requiring high precision.
High transmission efficiency: Rigid couplings have almost no energy loss when transmitting torque, which is crucial for precision machine tools that require efficient use of energy. High efficiency means less energy consumption and higher processing efficiency, which helps to improve overall production benefits.
3. The limitations of flexible couplings in precision transmission systems
Although flexible couplings have irreplaceable advantages in some occasions, such as when there is a large inter-axis deviation or when vibration and impact need to be buffered, their buffering and shock absorption performance may not be necessary in the transmission system of precision machine tools, and may even bring additional errors and instability factors.
Error accumulation: The elastic element of the flexible coupling will deform when subjected to torque. This deformation may introduce additional angular deviation and axial displacement, which is unacceptable for machine tools that require extremely high precision.
Maintenance cost: Due to its complex structure and material properties, the flexible coupling often requires more frequent maintenance and inspection, which increases operating costs and time costs.
